LEARN COMPLETE PYTHON IN 24 HOURS

4. Taking Input & Showing Output

In Python, showing output to the user and taking input from them are the most common ways programs interact with people. The two main functions are print() and input().

4.1 print() – All Important Ways to Use It

print() displays text, numbers, variables, or anything on the screen (console/terminal).

Basic Syntax:

Python

print(value1, value2, ..., sep=' ', end='\n')

Key Parameters:

• sep → separator between values (default: space ' ')

• end → what to print at the end (default: new line \n)

Examples – From Basic to Advanced:

1. Simple print

Python

print("Hello, World!") # Hello, World! print(100) # 100 print(True) # True

2. Print multiple values

Python

name = "Anshuman" age = 25 print("Name:", name, "Age:", age) # Output: Name: Anshuman Age: 25

3. Change separator (sep)

Python

print("Python", "is", "fun", sep="---") # Output: Python---is---fun

4. Change end (no new line)

Python

print("Hello", end=" ") # No new line print("World!") # Continues on same line # Output: Hello World!

5. Print special characters

Python

print("Line 1\nLine 2") # New line print("Tab\tHere") # Tab space print("Escape \"quotes\"") # Print quotes

6. Print variables with commas (old style)

Python

marks = 98 print("You scored", marks, "out of 100") # You scored 98 out of 100

Tip: print() automatically adds a space between items and a new line at the end — very convenient!

4.2 input() – Getting Data from User

input() pauses the program and waits for the user to type something and press Enter.

Syntax:

Python

variable = input("Prompt message: ")

Important: input() always returns a string (even if user types a number).

Examples:

1. Basic input

Python

name = input("Enter your name: ") print("Hello,", name, "!")

Sample run:

text

Enter your name: Anshuman Hello, Anshuman !

2. Taking number (but remember — it's string)

Python

age = input("Enter your age: ") print("You are", age, "years old") # If user types 25 → You are 25 years old (but age is string!)

3. Convert input to number (very common)

Python

age = int(input("Enter your age: ")) # Convert to integer height = float(input("Enter your height in cm: ")) # Convert to float print("Next year you will be", age + 1, "years old") print("Your height in meters:", height / 100)

Sample run:

text

Enter your age: 25 Enter your height in cm: 170.5 Next year you will be 26 years old Your height in meters: 1.705

4. Multiple inputs in one line

Python

# User types: 10 20 30 numbers = input("Enter 3 numbers separated by space: ").split() print("You entered:", numbers) # ['10', '20', '30']

Warning: If user enters wrong type → error on conversion! Example: int("abc") → ValueError Solution: Use try-except later (advanced topic).

Tip for beginners: Always convert input() when you expect numbers:

Python

marks = int(input("Enter marks: "))

4.3 Formatting Output (f-strings, .format(), % operator)

There are 3 main ways to format (make beautiful) output in Python.

1. f-strings (Recommended – Python 3.6+) – Easiest & Fastest

Python

name = "Anshuman" age = 25 city = "Muzaffarpur" print(f"My name is {name}, I am {age} years old, from {city}.") # My name is Anshuman, I am 25 years old, from Muzaffarpur.

Advanced f-string tricks:

Python

price = 999.99 print(f"Price: ₹{price:.2f}") # Price: ₹999.99 (2 decimal places) percentage = 78.456 print(f"Score: {percentage:.1f}%") # Score: 78.5% today = "2026" print(f"Welcome to Python in {today:^20}!") # Center align # Welcome to Python in 2026 !

2. .format() method – Still used a lot

Python

name = "Anshuman" age = 25 print("My name is {}, I am {} years old.".format(name, age)) # My name is Anshuman, I am 25 years old. print("Hello {0}, welcome back {0}! You are {1} now.".format(name, age)) # Hello Anshuman, welcome back Anshuman! You are 25 now.

3. % operator (Old style – Avoid in new code)

Python

name = "Anshuman" marks = 98.5 print("Name: %s, Marks: %.1f" % (name, marks)) # Name: Anshuman, Marks: 98.5

Comparison Table (Quick Guide):

MethodSyntax ExampleBest ForModern?f-stringsf"Hello {name}"Everyday use, clean & fastYes (2016+).format()"Hello {}".format(name)Older code, dynamic stringsYes% operator"Hello %s" % nameVery old codeNo

Recommendation for 2026: Always use f-strings — they are the most readable and fastest.

Mini Project Example – Combining print + input + formatting

Python

name = input("What is your name? ") age = int(input("How old are you? ")) print("-" 40) print(f"Welcome, {name.upper()}!") print(f"You are {age} years old → Next birthday: {age + 1}") print(f"Enjoy learning Python in {2026} 🎉") print("-" 40)

Sample Output:

text

What is your name? Anshuman How old are you? 25 ---------------------------------------- Welcome, ANSHUMAN! You are 25 years old → Next birthday: 26 Enjoy learning Python in 2026 🎉 ----------------------------------------

This completes the full Taking Input & Showing Output section.

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